Alava has its own Treasury department, an essential pillar of self-government. The economic agreement between Alava and the Spanish State grants fiscal autonomy to the Basque Provincial Councils, which administer corporate income tax, personal income tax, inheritance tax, and estate duties. Likewise, these institutions enjoy ample powers regarding the collection of special taxes and VAT.

The province of Alava collects its own taxes and administers a part of their resources, facilitating direct investments in the territory. Another part is used to finance common institutions, i.e. Basque government and State government.